History[ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manure_spreader&action=edit&section=2" rel="nofollow - edit ]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jskempspreaderad.JPG" rel="nofollow"> An advertisement for a J.S.Kemp model spreader

The first successful automated manure spreader was designed by Joseph Kemp in 1875. Manure spreaders began as ground-driven units which could be pulled by a horse or team of horses. At the time of his invention, he was living near  https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Magog,_Quebec,_Canada&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="nofollow - Magog, Quebec, Canada , but thereafter, he moved to  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newark_Valley_%28town%29,_New_York" rel="nofollow - Newark Valley, NY  and formed the J.S. Kemp Manufacturing Co. to manufacture and market his current and subsequent designs. In 1903, he expanded the company to  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterloo,_Iowa" rel="nofollow - Waterloo, Iowa  before selling the design to  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Harvester" rel="nofollow - International Harvester , in 1906. ^{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manure_spreader#cite_note-1" rel="nofollow - [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manure_spreader#cite_note-2" rel="nofollow - [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manure_spreader#cite_note-3" rel="nofollow - [3]}

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Oppenheim" rel="nofollow - Joseph Oppenheim  of Maria Stein,  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" rel="nofollow - Ohio  was the inventor of the first modern 'wide spreading' manure spreader ^{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manure_spreader#cite_note-4" rel="nofollow - [4]}  and is honored as such in the Ohio Agricultural Hall of Fame. ^{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manure_spreader#cite_note-5" rel="nofollow - [5]}  Originally manure was thrown from a wagon. ^{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manure_spreader#cite_note-6" rel="nofollow - [6]}  Later, “manure unloaders” used a drag chain at the bottom of the wagon to pull the load of manure to the rear where it was shredded by a pair of beaters. ^{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manure_spreader#cite_note-7" rel="nofollow - [7]}  Because the unloaders deposited manure directly behind the wagon but with very little spreading to the sides, farmers still had to take the time-consuming step of heading into the fields with peg-tooth drags or similar implements to spread the manure in order to prevent burning the soil. ^{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manure_spreader#cite_note-8" rel="nofollow - [8]}

Oppenheim, a schoolmaster in the small town, concerned that his older male students often missed school loading and spreading manure, ^{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manure_spreader#cite_note-9" rel="nofollow - [9]}  patented a wagon that, behind the drag chain and two beaters, incorporated a steel axle with several wooden paddles attached to the shaft at an angle to throw the manure outward in a broad pattern eliminating the necessity for manual spreading. ^{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manure_spreader#cite_note-10" rel="nofollow - [10]}  On October 18, 1899, Oppenheim began to produce his new manure spreader, incorporating the “widespread” paddle device. ^{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manure_spreader#cite_note-11" rel="nofollow - [11]}  Neighbors soon referred to it as “Oppenheim’s new idea” and Oppenheim adopted this name for his business. ^{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manure_spreader#cite_note-12" rel="nofollow - [12]}

Although Oppenheim died in November, 1901, the demand for the New Idea Spreader Company’s labor-saving “widespread” machines quickly grew and fifteen years later, under the direction of his oldest son, B.C. Oppenheim, and  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Synck" rel="nofollow - Henry Synck , one of Oppenheim’s first employees, ^{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manure_spreader#cite_note-13" rel="nofollow - [13]}  the company, had branches in eight states and an assembly plant in Guelph, Ontario. It had total sales in 1916 of $1,250,000. ^{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manure_spreader#cite_note-14" rel="nofollow - [14]}  Eight years later, in 1924, the factory was turning out 125 manure spreaders in an eight-hour day. ^{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manure_spreader#cite_note-15" rel="nofollow - [15]}  and “became the brand that set the standards for spreader performance, durability and reliability decade after decade.” ^{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manure_spreader#cite_note-16" rel="nofollow - [16]}

During the 1920s, Henry Synck, who became president of the company in 1936 when Joseph’s son, B.C. Oppenheim, died, ^{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manure_spreader#cite_note-17" rel="nofollow - [17]}  patented several improvements to the spreader. ^{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manure_spreader#cite_note-18" rel="nofollow - [18]}  In 1945 the Oppenheim family sold its controlling interest in the closely held New Idea Company to AVCO Manufacturing. ^{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manure_spreader#cite_note-19" rel="nofollow - [19]}  AVCO later sold the company to White Farm Equipment Company which in 1993 sold it to AGCO (Allis-Gleaner Corporation), the current owner. ^{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manure_spreader#cite_note-20" rel="nofollow - [20]}

It is clear, however, that there were other competitors in this field, each of whom spread the manure by a slightly different technique. One of these is the Great Western Farm Equipment Line, produced in Chicago, IL